EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science
EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science (ISSN: 2208-2190) publishes high-quality research articles spanning a wide range of business and management disciplines. The journal welcomes submissions in, but is not limited to, the following fields: Accounting, Advertising Management, Business & Economics, Business Ethics, Business Intelligence, Business Information Systems, Business Law, Business Performance Management, Business Statistics, Change Management, Communications Management, and related areas.
PSYCHOLOGY IN STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT: THE INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE OF DECISION-MAKING
This paper explores the pivotal role of psychology in shaping strategic and managerial decisions across corporate and policy landscapes. While strategy is traditionally framed through logic and data, the human mind—its biases, motivations, and emotional undercurrents—forms the invisible architecture behind every choice. The discussion spans cognitive biases, mental models, and emotional intelligence, illustrating how psychological forces influence strategic thinking, leadership behavior, and cross-cultural management. Through real-world examples from the pharmaceutical industry and global alliances, the paper highlights how empathy, identity, and neuropsychological responses to uncertainty redefine competitive advantage. Ultimately, it argues that mastering strategy and management requires mastering the cognitive, emotional, and cultural dimensions of human behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science
“REVAMPING EDUCATION THROUGH DIGITALIZATION”
In this gloomy picture of education in India, the ICT revolution has paved the way to introduce some breakthroughs in different spheres. Today education through digitalization has made tremendous changes in the higher education of the country; Digitalization plays a pivotal role in the economic development of the country. In the present scenario digital transformation in education is one of the important sectors to witness revolutionary changes in the world. The increase in digital technology corresponds with the increase in the use of technology in both virtual and real-life classrooms although many advantages come with digitalized learning. This article tries to present that how the technology brought up changes in recent times through traditional methods was once characterized manually sitting through hour-long to up gradation without any visual presentation. Purpose: The Aim of this paper is to investigate how digitalization could set up in order to be a successfully digitalized education and to examine the demographic and other factors having that influence for an increase in the use of digital technologies in the field of education. Methodology: The researcher collected 100 samples by using questionnaires included demographic profile of respondents and closed-ended questions and open ended questions regarding the factors on a 5 point Likert scale. The study analyzed by using Cramer’s Value and One-Way ANOVAs Test. Findings: The study investigates the status and developmental trends through the application of technology in higher education. The study found that the present student generation is well-versed with computer systems, laptops, i-pads, and smart phones, these innovative e-learning methods of teaching makes the participation of students more in technology,
STRESS MANAGEMENT AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE AMONG KITCHEN STAFF IN LUXURY HOTELS
Generally speaking, this dissertation delves into the complex relationship between how kitchen staff in luxury hotels deal with stress and how they balance their work and personal lives. It’s worth remembering that this particular sector is, in most cases, known for environments that put a lot of pressure on its employees, significantly affecting their overall well-being. The study, employing a mixed-methods approach [citeX], merges quantitative data concerning stress levels and work-life balance metrics with qualitative perspectives gleaned from the lived experiences of the kitchen staff themselves. The insights reveal that when stress management strategies are inadequate, they tend to correlate with increased stress levels and a noticeable imbalance between work and personal life, which negatively impacts both mental health and job satisfaction. Moreover, participants reported that effective stress management techniques, such as emotional support systems and diverse coping strategies, noticeably improved their work-life balance, ultimately contributing to increased overall well-being [extractedKnowledgeX]. These results underscore the need for luxury hotel management to prioritize mental health resources and implement structured stress management programs -- a critical element often overlooked. Now, the significance of this research isn’t confined to the hospitality industry alone; it also contributes to the broader healthcare conversation by underscoring the importance of addressing occupational stress, particularly in sectors characterized by high pressure. By fostering, where possible, a healthier work environment, the findings suggest potential reductions in burnout and turnover rates [citeX], which would enhance employee retention and, of course, productivity. The study not only emphasizes the importance of psychological health within hospitality contexts but also champions the adoption of similar approaches across a range of high-stress professions, positioning stress management as an absolutely vital component of effective employee health strategies within contemporary healthcare discussions.
ASSESSING BLOCK CHAIN’S ROLE IN ENHANCING EFFICIENCY, TRANSPARENCY, AND SECURITY IN INDIAN BANKING
The financial world has been changed by blockchain technology, which improves security, openness, and speed. This research evaluates the block chain’s potential to change the Indian banking system, focusing on its ability to fix flaws, boost security, and help more people get access to money. Leading Indian banks like SBI, Punjab National Bank (PNB), ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, and foreign banks like HSBC and Citibank were looked at to see how they integrated blockchain technology., this research highlights real-world applications, operational benefits, and challenges faced in large-scale implementation. The study employs descriptive and exploratory research methodologies, utilizing primary and secondary data collection methods. Surveys, structured interviews, and case studies were conducted with banking professionals, fintech experts, and customers, while secondary data from regulatory reports, white papers, and blockchain implementations was analyzed. This study explores the impact, opportunities, and challenges of blockchain in banking, emphasizing its role in enhancing security and reliability. It highlights research gaps in blockchain adoption, regulatory implications, and financial reporting. Future research should focus on blockchain implementation in banking, regulatory frameworks, and its relevance in emerging economies.Key findings indicate that blockchain significantly enhances transaction security, fraud prevention, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance in Indian banking. However, technological, regulatory, and infrastructural barriers remain critical challenges. The study emphasizes that in order to speed up adoption, scalable blockchain solutions, regulatory frameworks, and hybrid financial models are required. For blockchain technology to reach its full potential in banking, future studies should examine its scalability and interoperability.
ANALYSING THE DETERMINANTS OF FINTECH ADOPTION AMONG BANKING CUSTOMERS: A STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF SIKKIM
Financial Transactions have been developing rapidly for the past decade especially in India. Financial Transactions have grown into a Digital space wherein transactions hare being conducted on a Daily basis by the populace Digitally. Government Initiatives like Digital India and the growth in Internet, Smartphone accessibility has been instrumental in leading to a growth in Digital Financial Transactions. During 2023-24 Digital transaction amounting to 18,737 cr, were accounted in India with a CAGR of 44%. However, many factors affecting the adoption and awareness of Digital financial transaction. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify the factors affecting Digital Financial Transaction in Sikkim Alongside it seeks to study the level of awareness of Digital transaction payment gateways in the state of Sikkim. For the purpose of the study the data was collected via self-structured questionnaire among 350 banking customers in all districts of Sikkim. Factor analysis and Hypothesis test have been conducted in SPSS 20.0 software of Data analysis. It was found that there are majorly 5 factors that affect the adoption of Financial Transaction namely Perceived Usefulness, Digital Infrastructure, Reliability, Accessibility and Security It was also indicate that banking customers have a moderate awareness towards Digital Financial transaction payment gateways. The study has indicated that there exists a substantial number of new users of Digital transaction gateways and it also has a good retention rate as there exists a huge existing customer base. This paper enables future studies to expand their knowledge on Digital financial transaction gateways and its relation with economic growth along with explore the differences among various socio-economic groups in the State of Sikkim.
ARE YOU MANAGING PEOPLE OR LEADING THEM?
Today’s business world moves fast, and knowing the difference between managing and leading is more important than ever. Management is about planning, organizing, and making sure resources run smoothly. Leadership, on the other hand, is about inspiring and energizing people so everyone works toward a shared goal. As we deal with today’s complicated organizations, we need to see that solid leadership can spark success, encourage new ideas, and build a great workplace culture. In this piece, we’ll break down the differences between the two roles and show how a management style grounded in leadership can take a business to the next level.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IDENTIFYING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A TRANSFORMATIONAL APPROACH IN MODERN MARKETING
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the way businesses understand and predict consumer behavior. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced algorithms, AI enables companies to identify patterns, preferences, and trends in consumer actions that were previously difficult to detect through traditional methods. This article explores how AI technologies, such as machine learning, predictive analytics, and natural language processing (NLP), are transforming the ability to understand and anticipate consumer behavior. The paper examines AI's role in personalizing customer experiences, improving marketing strategies, and driving more effective business decisions. It also discusses the challenges of integrating AI into marketing practices and the future potential of AI in consumer behavior analysis.
TOURISTS’ PERCEPTION ON DESTINATION QUALITY: AN ANALYSIS USING IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE GRID IN KERALA
Culinary tourism plays an important role in promoting local culture, boosting the economy, and enhancing the travel experiences of tourists. As food becomes a key reason for travel, culinary tourism helps destinations stand out and attract visitors seeking authentic and memorable experiences. Destination quality consists of number of attributes, including cleanliness, safety, infrastructure, hospitality, and attractions, which plays an important role in shaping tourist experience, their decision to revisit the destination, and satisfaction. The present study analyses the perception of tourists on 27 attributes of culinary destination based on the theory of Smith and Costello (2008). The analysis is based on the Importance-Performance Analysis following Martilla and James (1977) theory. The study classified the attributes into four quadrants, particularly focusing on the low performance-high importance quadrant. Nine attributes - cooking methods, knowledgeable staff, safety and hygiene standards, cultural experiences, culinary knowledge, friendly service, event information, nightlife, and cooking showcases – were found to be areas where the destinations need to improve their performance to enhance customer satisfaction. The study contributes to existing literature and proposes theoretical and practical approaches for practitioners and policy makers for enriching tourist experience.
HOW DO TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN PLATFORMS AND DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES INFLUENCE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND BUSINESS GROWTH IN THE HOME DÉCOR INDUSTRY?
Home Decor Industry is being revolutionized by the speed of technology-backed platforms and digital marketing campaigns. This paper encapsulates the effect of such technologies on business expansion and customer activity in the industry. Since the advent of e-commerce, social media, and even newer technologies such as augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), the process of how customers come across, find out about, and buy home decor has been completely overhauled. Instagram, Pinterest, TikTok are some of the major platforms for inspiration and engagement, and AR apps such as IKEA Place and Wayfair's Virtual Room Planner enhance the purchasing process by enabling customers to see products in their own space. It is digital marketing practices such as influencer partnerships, customized advice, and market insights that are becoming the customer opinions and sales drivers. AI technology is helping companies provide personalized shopping experiences, which are raising customer satisfaction levels and loyalty. However, the industry is also faced with data privacy, market saturation, policy implementation for sustainability. The report points out the embracement of digital strategies by companies in order to meet the demands of local consumers and evolving trends in an attempt to stay competitive. Through technology, companies are capable of accessing learning and adapting to demand patterns in the local markets in an attempt to drive customer engagement and growth. According to the report, the future of the home decor market is at the intersection of digital innovation, sustainability, and tailored customer experiences that will bring long-term success in an increasingly digitalizing market.
STRATEGIC RESTRUCTURING OF INDIAN OIL PSUS: A DIGITAL PATHWAY TOWARD SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS
The Indian oil industry remains significantly influenced by state-run companies and is facing challenges to keep pace with the global evolution of energy driven by sustainability and digitalization. This study examines the strategic reconfiguration of major oil PSUs in India—IOC, BPCL, and HPCL—with a focus on digital transformation. The research utilizes a mixed-method approach which combines qualitative content analysis of annual and policy report interviews with quantitative benchmarking of peers from the rest of the world. The applied analysis uses SWOT and Balanced Scorecard methodologies to assess digital, sustainability, and competitive reframing. Major findings indicate that broad digital integration (adoption of ERP systems, AI-driven predictive maintenance, IoT-based supply chain management, and green technology) has significantly improved operational efficiency, environmental compliance, and stakeholder engagement. Structural governance, talent agility, policy priorities, and investment frameworks, however, still face persistent hurdles. The research pertains to the competitive public enterprise policy issues of emerging economies by proposing the establishment of a digitally framed magnified vision timeline, policy recalibrations, and tailored multifunctional capability enhancement strategies aimed at transitioning from reactive to proactive digitization.
CONSCIOUS TRAVEL: THE RISE OF ETHICAL CONSUMPTION IN INDIA'S TOURISM SECTOR
This dissertation examines the influence of ethical consumption behaviours among tourists on sustainability practices within Indias tourism sector, addressing the critical gap in understanding how travellers ethical preferences shape their choices and the subsequent ramifications for local economies and ecosystems. Through a mixed-methods approach encompassing qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, the study identifies that tourists increasingly prioritize ethical considerations, such as fair trade and environmental conservation, influencing their destination selections and expenditure patterns. Key findings reveal that 72% of surveyed tourists were willing to pay a premium for sustainable tourism options, indicating a strong demand for ethical practices that could potentially enhance local livelihoods and promote ecological preservation. The significance of these findings stretches beyond tourism, suggesting that prioritizing ethical consumption can lead to improved health outcomes for local populations, as sustainable tourism practices contribute to better environmental health and social equity. Additionally, the insights derived from this research offer vital implications for stakeholders in the tourism and healthcare sectors, highlighting the potential for collaborative strategies that bridge ethical consumption with public health initiatives. By integrating ethical tourism practices with health-conscious policies, local governments and tourism operators can enhance not only the economic viability of the sector but also the holistic well-being of communities and ecosystems, ultimately fostering a more sustainable future within Indias tourism landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Business & Management Science
HOW DOES SUPPLY CHAIN DIGITALIZATION IMPROVE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY?
This paper explores the transformative impact of digitalization on supply chain operational efficiency. Traditional supply chains often suffer from limited visibility, manual errors, and slow responsiveness. By integrating advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, cloud computing, and digital twins, businesses are reshaping their logistics and operational frameworks. The study identifies how these technologies enhance process automation, traceability, real-time analytics, and decision-making accuracy. Additionally, it highlights key performance indicators (KPIs) improved through digital integration and discusses real-world case studies showcasing the benefits in forecasting accuracy, inventory management, and sustainability. While the digital shift offers considerable efficiency gains, the paper also addresses challenges such as high implementation costs, data security concerns, and workforce adaptability. The findings affirm that strategic digital transformation enables companies to build resilient, responsive, and efficient supply chains aligned with modern market demands.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Business & Management Science
A STUDY ON GLOBALIZATION AND LOCALIZATION STRATEGY (GLOCAL STRATEGY) BALANCING GLOBAL EXPANSION WITH LOCAL RELEVANCE
In an increasingly interconnected world, businesses face the dual challenge of expanding globally while remaining locally relevant—a dynamic known as the Glocal Strategy. This approach combines the broad reach of globalization with the customization of localization to deliver products and services that resonate across diverse markets. This paper explores how multinational corporations (MNCs) effectively integrate global efficiencies with local responsiveness by adapting marketing, operations, and organizational practices to specific cultural, economic, and regulatory environments. Through real-world case studies and strategic analysis, the study highlights key success factors such as cultural intelligence, decentralized decision-making, and agile supply chains. Ultimately, glocalization emerges as a critical strategy for achieving competitive advantage in today's complex global marketplace, enabling firms not only to scale but also to connect meaningfully with local consumers.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE FAILURES – EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTMAN Z-SCORE, ZMIJEWSKI,GROVER & SPRINGATE MODELS FOR CAPTURING FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN NSE-LISTED COMPANIES OF INDIA
This study evaluates the predictive accuracy of various financial distress models, including the Traditional Altman Z-Score (ZSO), Modern Z-Score (ZSN), Emerging Market Z-Score (ZEM), Zmijewski, Grover, and Springate models, in identifying financial distress in NSE-listed companies in India. The Traditional ZSO-Model demonstrated superior reliability, accurately predicting distress five years prior to the collapse of all eight analyzed companies, achieving a 100% accuracy rate. Conversely, the ZSN and ZEM models each exhibited a 62.5% accuracy rate, accurately predicting distress for only five out of eight companies. The Zmijewski model proved the most reliable among its peers, accurately predicting distress for six companies, whereas the Grover and Springate models displayed moderate accuracy. These findings suggest that while the Traditional Altman Z-Score model is highly effective for early distress prediction, the Modern and Emerging Market models require further refinement. Practitioners are recommended to utilize the Traditional model as the primary tool for financial distress prediction, with other models serving as supplementary aids. Continuous validation is essential to maintain model effectiveness in dynamic marketenvironments.
A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF SUSTAINABILITY AND ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS' DEVELOPMENT, PRESENT STATUS, AND FUTURE.
Eco conscious goods are necessary for a green future. There is a lack of knowledge about consumer intention towards sustainable goods.The research gaps impedes translation of availability of eco friendly goods into actual consumer. The study examines the corpus of research on green products and consumer attitudes toward them using bibliometric analysis. I created tables using R Studio and performed a globalization of the topic mapping using VosViewer. The result shows that available literature defined in four parts ; In the first section, Most locally cited scientific studies about environmentally friendly products. In the second section, The frequency of journals having the most papers on environmentally friendly items. In the third section, Authors offering more articles on environmentally friendly goods. The fourth section depicts the nature of collaboration that is evident in the publications of green products..By delving into these intricacies, the research aims to contribute valuable insights to marketers, retailers, and policymakers navigating the ever-evolving landscape of consumer preferences and sustainability in the realm of personal care products. Join me on this intellectual journey into the minds of modern consumers as we unravel the threads connecting green intentions, retail dynamics, and online influences.
Integrating a Research-Based Happiness Algorithm into Social Media Platforms for Enhanced Digital Well-being
This paper explores the integration of the HAPPI v1.0 happiness algorithm into social media platforms and digital ecosystems to monitor and enhance user well-being. Building upon empirical findings from positive psychology, behavioural science, and the World Happiness Report, the study proposes a method for tracking and influencing happiness in real-time through digital behavior. By combining passive digital usage data with active user feedback and AI-driven sentiment analysis, we propose a hybrid system to measure happiness indicators and suggest personalized well-being interventions.
ROLE OF AWARENESS ON GREEN PRACTICES OF EVENT MANAGERS
Climate change poses a significant threat to Kerala, demanding immediate and sustained action at multiple levels of society. In this context, environmental awareness has emerged as a key driver influencing sustainable practices, especially in resource-intensive sectors such as event management. This study investigates the role of environmental awareness in shaping the adoption of green business practices among event management firms in Ernakulam district, Kerala. A structured interview schedule was used to collect primary data from 50 event management firms, selected using purposive sampling. The study employed descriptive analysis and non-parametric tests to assess the level of environmental awareness and the extent of green practice adoption across different types of organizations. Findings reveal a high level of environmental awareness among event managers, which strongly correlates with the implementation of green practices such as eco-friendly procurement, waste management, and sustainable transportation. Furthermore, the level of awareness and the degree of green practice adoption significantly vary based on the organizational type. The study highlights the critical role of environmental awareness in promoting sustainable event practices and suggests that targeted awareness programs and policy support can further strengthen green transitions in the event management industry.
EVALUATING THE TRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA’S BANKING SECTOR: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The banking sector in India is undergoing a rapid digital transformation, driven by the need for enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency in financial transactions. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger system, offers a paradigm shift in how banking operations are conducted. This study explores the transformative potential of blockchain technology in India's banking sector, focusing on its applications, benefits, challenges, and future implications. By leveraging blockchain, banks can enhance transaction security, reduce fraud, streamline cross-border payments, and improve regulatory compliance through smart contracts and real-time auditing mechanisms. Furthermore, block chain’s capability to eliminate intermediaries reduces operational costs and accelerates transaction processing, making financial services more accessible and inclusive, particularly for the unbanked and under banked populations in India. This paper critically examines the role of blockchain technology in transforming the Indian banking system, its possible applications, challenges, and future prospects
HOW DO GOVERNMENT POLICIES AFFECT INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADOPTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)?
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are one of the major drivers of economic developement. However they have to face several challenges when it comes to adopting new technologies. These are mainly due to limited financial resources as well as complex regulations, making it tough for them to keep up with advancements. This study looks into the impact of government policies on SME innovation and technology adoption in terms of financial incentives and regulatory reforms, as well as collaborative initiatives. Through case studies and comparative analysis, successful implementations of policies are highlighted with the critical obstacles identified that have resulted in damaging the growth of SMEs. Well-designed policies, including streamlined regulations and funding availability, will help SMEs innovate and compete heavily in a digital economy; however, the extent cannot be realized under inefficiencies in policy execution. This paper, through evidence, recommends policymakers to develop a nurturing ecosystem for sustained SME innovation
"HOW HAS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AI-DRIVEN ALGORITHMS IMPROVED THE ACCURACY OF FINANCIAL FORECASTING MODELS AND ENHANCED THE PERFORMANCE OF INVESTMENT STRATEGIES IN THE STOCK MARKET OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS?"
AI has been a game changer in the financial world, especially with regard to prediction and investment strategies. Algorithms driven by AI over the past 5 years have improved decision making, data handling and predictions. Manual calculation based forecasting using historical data would not be able to address the complexities and rapid changes of the market. But with machine learning and deep learning, AI has really made an impact using really big data, globally including market sentiment at speeds and accuracy never before possible. AI investment in the financial industry amounted to 35 billion by 2023, with 21 billion of this amount being funded by banks. Thousands of financial reports are monitored in real time by AI tools like BlackRock’s Aladdin platform and provide actionable insights for proactive decisions and risk management. AI also enhances portfolio management and algorithmic trading systems, delivers more reliable forecasts of the future and investment strategies that better withstand economic shocks. And, it turns out that those built on AI can perform better than those built on foundries, to put it another way. There are many other challenges including but not limited to data quality, model transparency and ethical concerns. AI models like any other models are only as good as the data they are fed with. The competitive nature of these algorithms makes it hard to be accountable to identify if the algorithms are indeed fair. But these challenges must be met as AI continues to shape the future of financial forecasts and investment strategies.
ANALYZING EMPLOYEE RETENTION STRATEGIES IN THE IT SECTOR: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
The IT sector faces a critical employee retention problem because high employee turnover rates affect organizational productivity and financial stability and business performance. The research examines employee retention approaches through a systematic evaluation of job satisfaction elements, industry obstacles and employee benefit effects. Job satisfaction demonstrates a direct link to employee retention rates because organizations that focus on career growth, leadership involvement and professional development experience reduced employee departures. The IT support and software development fields show higher employee turnover rates compared to AI & ML professionals because they receive better career advancement possibilities and higher compensation. Workforce stability depends more on non-monetary benefits than ever because organizations now offer programs that combine flexible work schedules with health insurance along with professional development opportunities. Organizations that use these distinct HR elements in their policies achieve improved employee involvement and maintain the longest possible workforce retention. IT organizations must implement a whole-system data-based strategy for workforce retention by combining financial rewards with professional advancement opportunities, leadership training and flexible work environments to boost employee satisfaction. The utilization of AI analytics in human resources helps organizations to predict employee retention risks which enables them to respond with timely responses. This research provides useful findings but faces two main limitations. It depends on secondary data and does not include primary research about current workforce patterns. Employee surveys and case studies should be added to upcoming research to discover specific patterns regarding workforce retention behaviors. IT organizations that develop custom retention strategies will achieve higher employee commitment while decreasing turnover expenses and building superior-performing teams that drive long-term business success.
HOW DOES MOBILE BANKING CONTRIBUTE TO FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN EMERGING ECONOMIES?
A society in which economics is a tool to improve people’s quality of life and equity for all peoples has to be financially inclusive at a fundamental level. This paper delves into the meaning of financial inclusion and investigates mobile banking as a resource to that end. Mobile banking is a transformative, building block force in financial inclusion; in the case of emerging economies where it is far more ubiquitously available, traditional banking infrastructure presence is very limited. Through a literature review and research approach, this study investigates how mobile banking is used in bridging financial gaps for low income population, rural population and micro entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that mobile banking has a large impact on financial access, economic participation and digital financial literacy. But there are still structural barriers to achieving financial inclusion like gender inequalities, digital illiteracy, cybersecurity dangers and inconsistent regulatory frameworks. These can be addressed via stronger consumer protection policies, more fintech-government collaboration as well as more fintech minded financial education programs. The main contribution of this paper is to add to the conversation on digital financial inclusion and policy recommendations on how to make mobile banking more accessible. Future research should further concentrate on the long term effects on the socioeconomic dimensions, integration of AI and blockchain in the domain of digital banking and finally on specific region based regulatory frameworks for achieving better financial inclusion.
How have India’s economic policies influenced its current unemployment situation, particularly in terms of skill development and workforce readiness?
India's demographic dividend, characterized by a growing working-age population and a declining dependency ratio, presents a unique opportunity for economic growth. This paper analyzes demographic trends from 1990 to 2030, highlighting the increase in the working-age share from 62.1% in 1990 to a projected 68.9% by 2030. The dependency ratio is expected to decline from 0.80 to 0.55 during the same period, indicating fewer dependents per working-age individual. Leveraging this demographic shift requires strategic investments in education, healthcare, and job creation to harness the potential of the youthful workforce. Failure to do so may result in underemployment and economic stagnation, underscoring the need for timely policy interventions.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE DIGITAL ERA: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING
Social media marketing has become one of the most effective tools of reaching out to consumers and changing their perception about the brand. Currently, there are 4.62 billion active users of social media and this makes it crucial for companies to use digital marketing to reach their target consumers. This paper discusses the effects of social media marketing on the consumer behaviour with regards to influencer marketing, user-generated content, personalised advertising, and real-time brand interaction. In this study, a survey is conducted through 500 active social media users, and with 20 social media industry experts, this research examines the consumers trust, engagement and purchasing behavior. According to the studies, eighty-two percent of the consumers interact with the content relating to brands; sixty-seven percent have made some purchase decisions based on social media advertising, meaning that there is a rise in the effectiveness of digital ads. Also, 55% of consumers believe in the recommendations made by influencers, and 78% of the consumers rely on the reviews from their peers when making a purchase decision, which shows the significance of eWOM and community marketing. This also reveals that brands that respond on social media are 42% more likely to keep customers, thus supporting the effectiveness of timely consumer interaction. However, there are content-related and privacy issues, where 87% of consumers reported that they are concerned with data privacy; hence, to address the issues, marketing should be ethical and transparent. They further include guidelines of effectively using the social media to branded ads, employing artificial intelligence in consumer profiling, recommendation of using influencers to boost brand awareness and engagement, and recommended strategies for using posts and advertisements to rebuild consumer trust and loyalty. They have highlighted the need to investigate other effective forms of social media marketing especially with the emergence of other technologies in the market such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality.
EMPOWERING RURAL WOMEN THROUGH MGNREGA: A PATH TO FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE: A REVIEW
Since MGNREGA boosts female economic power across India while improving rural economic conditions it has become a transformative development since its implementation. The MGNREGA social security program established in 2005 provides annual paid wage employment to families who perform manual labor without specialized skills for 100 days per year. Rural women have experienced substantial positive changes through MGNREGA because it expanded their economic activities and financial development and autonomy. The workforce welcomes millions of women due to MGNREGA's gender-sensitive rules which provide equal pay and on-site childcare facilities and require at least 33% female participation. The rural female population has achieved better healthcare access and transformed traditional gender norms by gaining economic independence which led to improved household resources and increased school funding. Through this method women can stay in their communities during seasonal periods because migration has decreased. Gender-based socioeconomic research shows that MGNREGA supports women participants by creating higher self-esteem and enhanced household financial decisions and improved social engagement. MGNREGA has brought positive outcomes but implementation problems include delayed wage payments and subpar execution in certain areas and insufficient work areas and cultural resistance to participation in some communities. The program has built better community facilities and taught new skills but women face challenges when they try to transition from basic to advanced work. MGNREGA needs updated policies to achieve its intended goals. The program needs to enhance its training programs for women plus start awareness efforts and create better workplace environments alongside faster salary payments. The long-lasting impact of MGNREGA will grow stronger by strengthening connections between the program and rural business initiatives and microfinance possibilities and Self-Help Groups (SHGs).MGNREGA functions as a powerful tool to drive social and economic transformation while India pursues rural development that includes both genders. Successful implementation along with ongoing policy changes about MGNREGA will eventually lead to improved financial freedom and labour market entry for rural women together with better gender equality across rural areas in India.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
"HOW DO CURRENT TRENDS IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE PRICES IN MUMBAI COMPARE TO THOSE IN NEW YORK CITY, AND WHAT ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND REGULATORY FACTORS ARE INFLUENCING THESE TRENDS IN BOTH METROPOLITAN AREAS?"
The prices of properties is one of the most important factors in deciding the cost of living in metropolitan cities. The following research undertakes these markers and studies the current and emerging price trends in residential and commercial properties in two of the most developed cities of the world, Mumbai and New York. In this process, the study intercepts multiple social and financial parameters. Some of these are cost of living, quality of life, including crime rate and AQI, migration of people in and out of the cities, GDP and the vibrance of these cities’ dynamic markets and per capita income. These recent developments and current trends are not studied in isolation. The research also takes a brief look at the history of these cities; their real estate markets and early establishments. This is done to trace their financial development and that, in turn, would oversee the growth of real estate markets as it stands today. Understanding these historical trends also facilitates the ability to understand the real estate laws and rules that are in place today. The research also illustrates the laws and concerned authorities that govern the real estate markets in these cities. Towards the end, after considering all the above mentioned factors and analyzing the market forces, the research concludes and suggests that it is the unique set ups of the cities that make them comparable, yet different in their own challenges and merits.
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HOW DO BEHAVIOURAL BIASES INFLUENCE ASSET PRICING AND THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL MARKETS?
This paper investigates how behavioural biases influence asset pricing and financial market efficiency. Classical finance theory conceptualizes the EMH; it assumes financial markets to be rational, with the efficient market passing on all available information to reflect prices. However, where behavioural finance does oppose this assumption is in its acceptance of the presence of psychological factors leading to deviations from rational decision-making. This paper looks at the traditional behavioural biases that, in common sense, lead to decisions on the part of investors with an overview or projection of how asset prices will behave. Price bubbles, excessive volatility, and mispricing of assets all emerge as market anomalies, so opportunities to exploit inefficiency are created. As indicated by the other writer's works and empirical studies, it describes how biases due to behaviour run through an investor's perception and behaviour and how it causes inefficient pricing mechanisms to develop. It also analyzes the influence of these biases in matters related to asset allocation, risk management, and market stability. The research suggests while behavioural biases limit any normal economic functioning of the market, acknowledging and understanding these behavioural biases could present numerous opportunities to formulate more impressive investment options and policy interventions for a better working market
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF “DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES – THROUGH WEBSITES, DIGITAL FUNNELS, SOCIAL MEDIA AND DIGITAL TOOLS”
As the recently hired Marketing Strategist at the Good Glamm Group, year 2022, was entering the board room, he was immediately tasked with critically evaluation of the current e-commerce & Digital marketing strategy of the Brand Sirona, so that one comes up with a transformed / fresh e-commerce & digital marketing strategy - which has lower Revenue:Cost Ratio, Lower Customer Lifetime Acquisition value & more numbers of customer flow at the top & bottom of digital funnel. This as he was told that day, was required to touch unicorn mark for evaluation & increase revenue by 3x times. The marketing strategist gave a thought, then asked the a question to the board, which became the direction changing advice / critique for the company as a whole & Digital strategy in particular for the group. His question to board was “ Do you want me to evaluate /re-frame the e-commerce & digital marketing strategy for the existing Product Value Proposition or does the scope of my work allows me to challenge the current Product value proposition itself, using series of digital tools / processes - to aim at coming up with a new value proposition so that it can then tailor-make a re-created and transformed e-commerce & digital marketing strategy” which mirrors the need-gap-fit of consumer in the market for the given category by using digital tools & softwares. The board was not ready for it as it clashed with their current practice of find market for existing products through digital marketing & e-commerce rather than build the product itself through digital marketing & e-commerce. As the board looked surprised with the question, given that they were looking for a digital marketing strategy already crafted products with lower cost & higher returns using own website, social media and digital tools - but here the newly hired marketing strategist was critically challenging the Product value proposition itself and critically asking “to use digital marketing for product development first”. The marketing strategist used examples of Gillette, Marico and Emami where he had previously had gone through this learning curve - convincing the G3 Board room that core concept of Marketing starts with creating a Product value proposition based on deep insights on gaps consumer need-gaps which are not solved by current products in the market (blue ocean strategy) and hence any attempt to transform the digital marketing strategy would not work if the Product value is proposition is not transformed or freshly created based on digital insights through crawlers and other programmed softwares which scans the G3 consumer landscapes. Once the marketing strategist got the mandate on same he came with disruptive transformation in Digitally Re-created Product Value Proposition, Digitally crafted Minimal Viable Product, Digitally transformed & connected Direct To Consumer (DTC) Own Website, and Digital marketing through a digitally consumer researched mix of DTC, Digital Market Place (Amazon), Social media and Digital tools. The same can be summarized in two lines below
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY APPROACH.
Modern business competition demands leadership because it determines organizational success and continued business survival. Organizational performance alongside employee productivity and business success entirely depend on how well a leader inspires and mentors their team members. This research based on case studies studies organizational functions to assess the impacts of five leadership philosophies including transformational, transactional and laissez-faire as well as democratic and autocratic. The study aims to assess the different leadership philosophies concerning their effects on important performance indicators which include financial results alongside operational effectiveness and employee engagement while studying decision-making procedures and creativity. Success and long-term business viability rely mainly on leadership in the current highly competitive and rapid business environment. Leadership decisions heavily influence the levels of employee productivity and organizational success and business achievement due to a leader's motivational and mentoring abilities toward team members. This study employs case studies to examine leadership theories including transformational, transactional, laissez-faire, democratic and autocratic regarding their effect on organizational operation. The research aims to study the effects different leadership philosophies have on essential performance indicators that involve financial outcomes together with operational efficiency and employee involvement alongside decision processes and creative outcomes. The research strengthens existing knowledge by presenting real-world information regarding organizational success in relation to leadership style use. The research results demonstrate that organizations need to adopt leadership approaches which match their future plans and workforce composition and industry type. The study points out that leadership development through training creates essential initiatives which boost management effectiveness. Research about the evolving nature of leadership at remote workplaces must analyze how these changes alter organizational resilience along with sustainability performance.
CULTURE & EXPORTS (TAKE YOUR START UP GLOBAL)
This article aims at pointing towards the need to see the cross-cultural difference through a lens of a global mindset, and identifies seven keys of doing successful business with a Global mindset. It also contains the ways to create a “Cultural Competence” for global companies. It American, European, the Middle East and few Indian examples of cultural dynamics in business. It also deals with the issue of the significance of Women crossing cultures in a very different dynamic than men and explains its impact and significance in the Indian context as well. Most importantly this book, with the help of several case studies and establishes the role of cross-cultural management to bottom-line of the companies. However, the same needs to be done for Indian FMCG companies in my research work. This paper also extends to establish “Bharat’s heritage is a global brand International Business management” - The 21st century in many ways is pointing towards domination of Indian in the world economy, and hence, many more companies and business managers from India are expected to operate in the international cultures diverse ecosystem for which we need to be prepared with a template to measure and manage the cross-culture diversity. Apart from the power of Indian companies on intellectual capital, IT savviness and economical bend, the most critical factor would the management of cross-cultural variables in each international country they expand into. Hence the significance of this research to address the future of Indian companies managing across cultures in much bigger number in coming years as much as currently. The key finding is 34% of consumers across selected 8 countries have valued India very highly as source of “Ayurveda wellness” for both health & beauty products sourced from India, along intention to buy such an offering provided the quality standards are international, further 28% consumers have valued India as good to mild value in “Ayurveda Wellness equity” with intention to purchase to such products sourced from India. Remaining 38% are unaware of India’s wellness equity and hence indisposed to purchase of products sourced from India. This 62% consumer segment provided for huge opportunity for exponential growth of Indian exports in Wellness segment, hence academia and corporate research should focus on converting this to a 100,000-crore made in India exports where China cannot compete with us. In the end the paper presents the concept of “Global Marketing Dexterity” for your MBA and PhD students to launch their global startups.